Child LaBOR essays

Child LaBOR essays Child labor is a serious problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Labor is defined as physical or mental work especially of the hard or fatiguing kind. (Websters Dictionary) Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15, which restricts or damages their physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual growth as children. The International Labor organization estimates that there are 250 million children worldwide, between the ages of 5 and 14, who are now working. Africa and Asia together account for over 90 percent of total child employment (Faraaz Siddiqi) Child labor is especially common in the rural areas of these countries. Usually there are no age requirements for schooling or for work. There are many reasons that these children work; poverty, lack of education, lack of knowledge of ones rights and cultural tradition are all contributing factors. These children are often working in severe and hazardous conditions. These children are deprived and mistreated. They are often beat or severely punished for making even the slightest mistakes. They receive low wages and perform tasks that are usually the work of adults. The International Labour Office reports that children work the longest hours and are the worst paid of all laborers. These children can be found working on farms, in factories or mines, and even fighting in wars. Much of the nations farmland is worked by toddlers, yokes teams of three-, four-, and five-year-olds who pl ough, seed and glean fields from dawn to dusk. (Jonathan Silvers) Three types of bonded labor exist in practice around the world. The first type involves a child inheriting a debt carried by their parents. The enslaved parents find no alternative except to essentially turn over the rights of their child to their masters. Another form of bonded labor occurs with a child being used...

How to Celebrate Chinese New Years Day

How to Celebrate Chinese New Year's Day Chinese New Year is the most important and, at 15 days, the longest holiday in China. Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the lunar calendar, so it is also called Lunar New Year, and it is considered the beginning of spring, so it is also called Spring Festival. After ringing in the New Year on New Years Eve, revelers spend the first day of the Chinese New Year doing a variety of activities. Wear New Clothes Every member of the family starts the New Year off right with new clothes. From head to toe, all clothes and accessories worn on New Year’s Day should be brand new. Some families still wear traditional Chinese clothing like qipao but many families now wear regular, Western-style clothing like dresses, skirts, pants, and shirts on Chinese New Year’s Day. Many opt to wear lucky red underwear. Worship Ancestors The first stop of the day is the temple to worship ancestors and welcome the New Year. Families bring offerings of food such as fruit, dates, and candied peanuts and burn sticks of incense and stacks of paper money. Give Red Envelopes Family and friends distribute ç ´â€¦Ã¥Å'…, (hà ³ngbÄ o, red envelopes) filled with money. Married couples give red envelopes to unmarried adults and kids. Children especially look forward to receiving red envelopes which are given in lieu of gifts. Play Mahjong Mahjong (é º »Ã¥ °â€¡, m jing) is a fast-paced, four-player game played throughout the year but particularly during Chinese New Year. Learn all about mahjong  and how to play. Launch Fireworks Starting at midnight New Year’s Eve and continuing throughout the day, fireworks of all shapes and sizes are lit and launched. The tradition began with the legend of Nian, a ferocious monster that was afraid of red and loud noises. It is believed the noisy fireworks scared the monster. Now, it is believed the more fireworks and noise there are, the more luck there will be in the New Year. Avoid Taboos There are many superstitions surrounding Chinese New Year. The following activities are avoided by most Chinese on Chinese New Year’s Day: Breaking dishes bring bad luckGetting rid of trash sweeping away good fortuneScolding children signs of bad luckCrying signs of bad luckSaying inauspicious words signs of bad luckSweeping the floor bring bad luckWashing hair bring bad luck

Who Were the Villains of Roosevelts Famous Address Essay - 3

Who Were the Villains of Roosevelts Famous Address - Essay Example Roosevelt did this for both political and personal reasons because in doing so he was assured of letting the people know that he was aware of their suffering and that he would fight for the small man, not large corporations.Roosevelt clearly addresses banks and big business as the villains of the nation at that time. He states, â€Å"The rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated.† Roosevelt was speaking directly to the people about those that had been in business, had made their money in the stock market and by credit, and had found that, once the market crashed, it was no longer a viable playground. Overnight those that had money suddenly did not, and neither did the rest of the country. Roosevelt also spoke of their unnecessary existence by saying, â€Å"Happiness lies not in the mere possession of moneyÍ ¾ it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.† In this way, he was also denouncing those that had made their money in the stock market, for too many had been eager to sink everything that they possessed into it, only to find that the promises that had been made were empty.Politically and personally, Roosevelt made no assumptions that fixing the country of its problems would take place overnight, but rather invited people to stay with him for the long haul. In denouncing the banks and big businesses, he let people know that, first and foremost, he was not out of touch with the woes of the common person. Roosevelt knew that people were suffering. He also knew both politically and for the good of the country as well as his presidency that he had to unite them and show them that their suffering was something to be endured together, as was rebuilding the country. He even made sure to let the people know that things would change without the usual political red tape, stating that he would ask Congress , if they failed to take his recommendations into account, for â€Å"broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency.† By doing this, he made sure that the people knew that he was behind them, not big businesses, and would work to put them back to work and see the nation back on the road to prosperity.

Linguistics Examine the idea that adult second langauage learners of Research Paper

Linguistics Examine the idea that adult second langauage learners of English are capable of retaining the collocations to whi - Research Paper Example TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Thesis Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 Preliminary Results and Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 Study Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦7 Work Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 INTRODUCTION Formulaic language has been playing a key role in second language teaching. A beginning learner utilizes more idiomatic English expressions focused on daily communication templates. Alison Wray’s (2002) definition of a formulaic sequence of words has been the most popular one: â€Å"Formulaic Sequence is a sequence, continuous or discontinuous, of words or other elements which is, or appears to be, prefabricated: that is stored and retrieved whole from memory at the time of use, rather than being subject to generation or analysis by the language grammar" (Wray, 2002, p. 9). Wray claims that the adult learner primarily is more focused on individual words and is concentrated on a non-formulaic approach to language learning (Lewis, 2000a; b). This thesis is devoted to identification of an ability of adult language learners to retain information about what words appear together in their input of adj+noun pairs, verb+noun pairs, and or noun+noun pairs. It is supposed that any drawbacks in non-natives’ knowledge of collocation associations between words is caused by an inadequate input. THESIS STATEMENT The fluency-oriented repetition of individual sentence contexts has an impact on collocation learning for L2 learners, and thus participants will primarily notice and remember c hunks of words in their input through an organized testing process using the adj-noun, verb-noun, and noun-noun pairs placed in a sentence. METHODOLGY A general selection criterion was a key trigger for my further research. Theoretical background is based on relevant academic articles, academic texts, and books. The participants were asked to undergo a short training session in which they were exposed to a number of target adjective-noun, verb-noun, and noun-noun combinations embedded in sentences called a â€Å"naming phase.† Sentences were presented to participants on a computer screen in a random order. The participants were asked to say the noun aloud if they recognized it. The respondents are Spanish speaking Americans. All the participants are enrolled in one or two of the ESL programs for a L2 learner of English within their city’s community base. They are all lower level income participants, with lower level educational backgrounds. PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND DISC USSION Of the adjective+noun, verb+ noun, and noun+noun word pairs, the nouns were recognized more reliably when they followed the verb with which it was paired. These collocations were easily

How Global Issues Affect the Whole World Essay Example for Free

How Global Issues Affect the Whole World Essay Thematic Essay- How Global Issues Affect the Whole World BY codi5181 Global issues today cause tremendous problems to the whole world. Even today, issues such as terrorism, the environment, population, global migration, urbanization, and economic instability plague our world. The most crucial of these problems being religion-based terrorism, urbanization and population, and environmental pollution and destruction. Terrorism is mostly linked to differences in opinion between different sects ofa religion, an example being Muslim extremists. Muslim extremists in the Middle East have radical opinions on the details of their religion. The IRA in Ireland terrorizes anyone who goes against their ideals. Terrorism is caused when one group of radicals feels the necessity to attack another group. In addition, terrorism can be caused when one group feels that they are doing the right thing, when in the eyes of someone else, these same actions could be offensive and could cause unrest. Like the United States Christians who gave aid to the Christians in Ireland. The UN has ways to deal with unrest between countries, and has peacekeeping committees to try to stop terrorism before it starts. In order to stop errorism in the Middle East, there must be a clear separation of secular and state. The sharia in Muslim countries does not have laws that provide protection against modern day technology and advances in culture. The Middle Eastern countries that are ruled by religious laws have to start to regulate weapon usage and the availability of explosives and other dangerous chemicals. An increase in the global population greatly affects many aspects of everyday life for everyone in the world. Population increases causes a vicious cycle of urbanization. Urbanization is the movement of eople from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities and a education. Urbanization is caused by an increase need for employment. People who live in rural areas have a lesser availability of Jobs and resources, so moving to the city makes this easier on them. People quest for a better life, and education causing people to move into the cities too. Cities such as Beijing and cities in India and China are mostly affected by urbanization because of the massive amount of people who reside in these countries. Some countries have put in place different laws and olicies to counteract the massive population increase. Chinas one child policy is a supreme example. Countries should limit the amount of people who can move into a city each year. Also, companies can expand into the rural areas and sponsor schools to be set up in the rural areas too. Urbanization in the long run causes a severe increase in global pollution. This problem is caused by the increased need to produce energy. Producing energy usually involved burning fossil fuels. The air pollution causes the Green house effect, which causes the Earth to slowly heat up. Environmental problems like lack of medical cures and oxygen level decreases are caused by human deforestization. International committees are set up to limit what humans can do with natural resources. For example, factories must scrub the emissions free of toxins and people can no longer use CFCs. To solve the problem of global pollution, countries must find alternate ways to create energy, rather than interconnected. Everything that we do can be felt across the globe. International solutions to the problems that plague our world are a necessity. Problems such as pollution, over population, and terrorism can easily be solved.

Workers Need a Living Wage Essay -- Its Time to Raise the Minimum Wag

It's 6:00am and that annoying beep of your alarm is ringing in your ears. You get up, start the coffee maker, shower, and get dressed in your work attire. You start your car and back out of your drive-way before noticing that you're running on the last fumes of your tank. You drive to nearest gas station where you see gas prices have, once again, risen. The aforementioned scenario is only one of many examples of the depreciating value of the dollar. In fact, in the past five years, the CPI-U has increased from 168.8 to 190.7 - that's a 12.97% inflationary increase (Historical CPI)! Sure, to Corporate Joe in his fancy sports car, a few extra pennies for gas isn’t much, but what about the school janitor who is trying to successfully raise a family of four on minimum wage? The most immediate reality behind Living Wage organizing is the dramatic erosion of the minimum wage. Even with the 1996 increase to $5.15 an hour the buying power of the minimum wage is still 30 percent below its peak in 1968. This is true despite the fact the economy was about fifty percent more productive than in 1968. A minimum wage that had kept pace with productivity gains would be roughly $11.20 today (Pollin and Luce, 58). In fact, in 2003 the poverty rate rose from 12.1 to 12.5 percent leaving 35.9 million people at or below the poverty line of $18,660 for a family of four (U.S. Census Bureau). These 35.9 million people trudge through their manual labor occupations day in and day out only to see the (few) dollars they earn slowly depreciate in value. In 1906, John Ryan, advocate of the living wage, wrote "Every man who is willing to work, has, therefore an inborn right to sustenance from the earth and on reasonable terms or conditio... ...ome of the fiscal burden they experience. With the increasingly inflating dollar and therefore the depreciating value of the minimum wage, an implementation of a universal living wage would be the humanitarian thing to do. Works Cited Historical Consumer Price Index. Historical CPI. 2003. 4 March 2015. Pollin, Robert and Stephanie Luce. The Living Wage: Building A Fair Economy. New York: New Press, 1998. U.S. Census Bureau. Poverty 2003 Highlights. 26 August 2004. 25 February 2015. Glickman, Lawrence. A Living Wage: American Workers and the Making of a Consumer Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997. Acorn.org. ACORN: About Acorn. 2005. 2 March 2015.

Pag-IBIG Fund Essay

Pag-IBIG is an acronym which stands for Pagtutulungan sa Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko, Industria at Gobyerno. In effect, Pag-IBIG harnesses these four sectors of our society to provide its members with adequate housing through as effective savings scheme. Coverage These guidelines shall cover the development and construction of low cost housing units in Metro Manila and highly urbanized cities, and socialized housing units in the provinces by Pag-IBIG Fund. Objectives To provide low-cost and socialized house and lot packages/condominium units either for rent or for sale to low income Pag-IBIG members who cannot afford the housing packages available in the market. To enable Pag-IBIG Fund to perform its mandate by using its funds to provide decent and affordable condominium units as well as house and lot packages for sale to eligible Pag-IBIG Fund members nationwide. To stimulate competition that will bring about better housing packages in terms of price and development that will redound to the benefit not only of Pag-IBIG Fund members but also of the public in general. To help solve the housing backlog by generating further demand for housing through the provision of affordable condominium units and house and lot packages. To equitably distribute nationwide economic opportunities generated from housing production, and in the process, stimulate stability brought about by economic development. To provide an opportunity for Local Government Units (LGUs) to comply with R.A. 7279 by identifying and providing land for socialized housing. To simplify and facilitate the processing of end-user financing for eligible Pag-IBIG Fund members, given that the projects are owned by Pag-IBIG Fund. To develop further sense of ownership, pride and confidence among members of the Fund, knowing fully well that the projects being constructed are direct investments made from their savings with the institution. To generate more membership to Pag-IBIG Fund. To develop and dispose acquired properties of the Fund.

Plan for the Development of Future Situations Requiring Leadership Essay

This assignment is to development a strategic leadership development plan. There includes to report the CEO regarding the review the strategic management and leadership of the organization. In current situation, Myanmar is in the transition period in both political and economic surface. The treaty of ASEAN free trade area which will start impacting Myanmar from 2015 is a challenge for Myanmar SMEs. As usual consequences of change, while some will benefits from it, some will face setbacks. As the current organization is one of the SMEs in Myanmar, change management which is adaptable for the situation of Myanmar has to be made. Moreover the organization has to prepare for the changes and for adapting corporate and up to date management system. Organization Profile KKK is a manufacturer of authentic Myanmar traditional foods including various kinds of pre-packed ready-made ingredients for traditional curry. Their products are positioned at the high end of the market in terms of both quality and price. Head office of KKK is situated in 78th Street, Mandalay. Manufacturing Plant is situated in Chan Aye Tar Zen Industrial zone. The Plant is operating with about 400 employees from top to bottom line operation. KKK has been in business now for five years and has grown in popularity. What was once a business targeting solely the Myanmar traditional Food community has grown into a business that has far broader appeal. KKK has several objectives that they will achieve to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food industry within the next three years. The first is an increase in sales reaching five thousand Lakhs by  Yearly from local market. KKK also would like to achieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK also hopes to have 20 different outlets that will distribute their product. Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives lastly the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area. Task-1 1.1Explaining the link between strategic management and leadership Strategic managementStrategic Management is all about identification and description of the strategies that managers can carry so as to achieve better performance and a competitive advantage for their organization. An organization is said to have competitive advantage if its profitability is higher than the average profitability for all companies in its industry.| | Strategic management is a continuous process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which an organization is involved; evaluates  its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors; and then reevaluates strategies on a regular basis to determine how it has been implemented and whether it was successful or does it needs replacement. (www.managementstudyguide.com, â€Å"Strategic management†) Leadership The ability of a company’s management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action even in difficult situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change also characterize good leadership. ( www.investopedia.com, â€Å"terms leadership†) A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal.( www.sbinfocanada.about.com,â€Å"leadership†) The link between strategic management and leadership Strategic decisions are crucial for the growth and development of any organizastion and vary according to different management and different leadership styles. The change is the function of leadership and strategic decisions means decisions leading to substantial changes in management processes. Hence, Strategic Management and Leadership are closely related or in other words, inseparable. In fact, the terms leadership and strategic management are interchangeable because a leader performs key function like initiating, planning, supporting, controlling, evaluating, etc. Their other responsibilities include building, developing maintaining a team and achieving a common goal by keeping the individual member of the team motivated. As strategic leaders, top level managers must guide the firm in a ways that result in formation of strategic intent and strategic mission. This guidance may lead to goals that stretch everyone in the organization to improve their performance.†Griffin,R.W.1 999 Strategic management is a process of coordinating technological, financial, material and human resources of an organization for enabling it and its stakeholders in achieving stipulated target efficiently and effectively. Strategic  management is a wide term in comparison to leadership as far as scopes are concerned because leadership is mainly limited to organizing, directing and supporting individuals or the human resource in order to achieve the stipulated goal whereas strategic management refers to all resources within an organization. Strategic leadership plays key role in responding to the challenges which businesses have to face due to rapid changes in technology, growing competition and globalization. (www.mbadissertations.blogspot.com, â€Å"link between strategic management†) Strategic objectives of KKK is to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food industry within the next three years. The first is an increase in sales reaching five thousand Lakhs by Yearly from local market. KKK also would like to achieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK also hopes to have 20 different outlets that will distribute their product. Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives lastly the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area. To achieve the strategic goal of the organization, there are should be ways for leaders attempt to get the objectives. Leaders must do to be strategic management. First of all, analysis upon current and future situation has to be made. In analysing current situation, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis techniques can be used. Current situation of Myanmar is lots of challenges. But very near in future, due to the AFTA of ASEAN business from all over the world enter Myanmar and SME’s in Myanmar have to deal with business form ASEAN countries. Our business, traditional food manufacturing and distribution industry has already got more competitive advantage than other industries because the business is based upon traditional food. Leaders of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing company has to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats for the current and situation of Myanmar and foreign market and have to analyze political, economic, social and technological analysis along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization to meet the strategic objectives. In making analysis the current system and infrastructure of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing has to be considered. More employees need to be trained and more materials have to be required. To open branch offices, communication and cooperation with authorities has to be made. The leaders has to considered whether the raw materials can supply the  demand of the market and transportation condition can be supply the raw in time or not. The leader has to consider the competitors’ strategy in current market. And then decision is the second important matter. In manufacturing, the advanced machine like packing machine, mixing machine and powering machines must be mounted to be more productive. And strategic shop floor management for human resources must be implemented. In Pricing and branding strategies, differentiate with low-cost strategy is suitable for local market. Focus for only traditional strategy is also adequate. Moreover leaders are required to allocate the necessary resources and to design the organization to intended strategy to reality. The leader of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing should attempt to get the objectives by the following ways in the diagram. Product plan/development Market analysis Distribution Supply chain Infrastructure Manufacturing Raw materials branding Promotion Lead generation Channel sales Direct sales Customer service Warranty support Pricing Customer retention. 1.2 Analyzing the impact of leadership styles and management on strategic decisions There are five main types of leadership styles like Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Charismatic, Democratic, Laissez- faire, etc. (Richard L.H. and Katherine C. B. 2005) 1. Autocratic leadership style: when the leaders use absolute powers in making decisions. This is more prevalent in military and Adolf Hitler is a good example of it. In corporate world, United Aviation Services (Dubai) is known for autocratic leadership. 2. Bureaucratic leadership: when the leader follows the strict theories of leadership defined in books. This style is followed where safety measures are prominent specially working on machines. 3. Charismatic leadership: When the followers are highly inspired by the leader and believe blindly in their leader. Mahatma Gandhi was a Charismatic leader. 4. Democratic leadership: When team members are included in decision making by the leader. This helps in building team spirit and motivating all by increasing trust, skill and confidence. 5. Laissez-faire leadership: When the leader leaves the team members to take decisions n their own and monitors them. This is applicable with efficient and capable teams. ( D.D.Warrick â€Å"Journal of Experiential learning and simulation 1981† ) The culture of â€Å"KKK† Company is manufacturing and distribution. Currently, most of the functions in the firm exercises bureaucratic leadership style. In day to day manufacturing operation, distribution and office work practices Bureaucratic Leadership Style. This style seem to be effective because employees are performing routine tasks over and over. Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. They are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. In manufacturing area, safety or security training is being conducted. Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash. In all day to day operation of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, bureaucratic leadership style is currently exercises. The consequence of the current leadership style of â€Å"KKK† is that the organization suffers from slow development to get to the objectives of the organization. In making strategic decisions in manufacturing team the employees felt frustrated and increase turnover rate and absenteeism. In office work and transaction work, the style effects the occurring of the  loop whole. The employees feel boring in working environment and also is suffering from increasing turnover rate. So excising bureaucratic style purely in the whole organizing occur slow development to reach the goal. 1.3 Evaluating how leadership styles can be adapted to different situations Leadership styles adapted to different situations. It is evident from the various scenario of the given that different leadership styles are required to be adapted in different situation. Autocratic Leadership Style This leadership style has been greatly criticized during the past 30 years. It is the most effective style in the following situations: †¢ New, untrained employees who do not know which tasks to perform or which procedures follow †¢ Effective supervision can be provided only through detailed orders and instructions †¢ There are high-volume production needs on a daily basis †¢ There is limited time in which to make a decision For example, Militaries of the countries, and training sections of the firm follow autocratic leadership styles. For the organization of â€Å"KKK† manufacturing, this style should be followed in training section under the HR department so that the new assigned employees can understand the procedures and can apply in their day to day operation exactly. By applying autocratic in training section, mistakes and risks occurred by newly assigned employees can be reduced in mass manufacturing environment. Bureaucratic Leadership Style This style can be effective when: * Employees are performing routine tasks over and over. * Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. * Employees are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. * Safety or security training is being conducted. * Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash. For example, audit firms, and engineering firms, mass production factories are applied the bureaucratic leadership style. For â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, the bureaucratic leadership style is adapted in production firms so that the routine jobs can be efficient and effective. Operators must follow the production procedure and standards. Employees in production department must handle dangerous equipments like packing, blending, cutting machines and delicate materials like food which must need to be hygiene. Democratic Leadership Style Democratic leadership is suitable for the situation of high quality and high quantity work for long periods of time. Many employees like the trust they receive and respond with cooperation, team spirit, and high morale. For example, arts entrainment firms like broadcasting TV and radio channels, firms based on advanced technology like â€Å"Apple† and â€Å" Microsoft† apply he democratic leadership style. For â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, democratic style leadership style is adequate in office work and long term strategy. In top level management strategic decision making, the style is appropriate. Laissez-Faire Leadership Style The leadership style is appropriate under the situation of: * Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. * Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. * Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used * Employees are trustworthy and experienced. For example, industries like hotel and hospitality, dealing with experienced vendors, dealing with audit firms and legal consultant firms need to be practiced the leadership style. For our organization, â€Å"KKK†, we must deal with vendors like â€Å"Unilever food solution† for the purpose of training the employees and promoting the manufacturing procedure in line with international food manufacturing procedures. In dealing with outside experts, staff specialists and consultants the laissez-fair leadership style is effective. Task2 2.1reviewing the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organizational strategy Leadership Leadership is a process of giving purpose to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. (Jacobs and Jaques , 1990, pg 281) Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. (House et al, 1999, pg 184) Every leaders attempt to achieve organizational objectives through other people ( their subordinates) on their own ways. Famous examples of charismatic or autocratic leaders are Winston Churchill, Bill Clinton, Mother Teresa and Adolph Hitler. They used their authority in highly manner and by structured set of reward and management. A famous example of bureaucratic leader is Paul Tetu Sr. and Paul Tetu Jr. motor bike production in America. The leaders enforce their subordinates to rule. Carlos Ghosn (born 9 March 1954) President and chief executives officer of Renault, France and CEO of Nissaan, Japan, has the style of democratic leadership. He always empowers his employees to take decision. He provided his employee’s challenges to perform better at the same time made them realized that he trusted them and their capabilities. Another famous leader who applied the Laissez-fair style is Mahatma Gandhi, National leader of India. All authority or power given to the people and they determine goals make the decisions, and resolve problems on their own. So, many leaders apply different leadership strategy through their people on their own way according to the situations. There are several theories of management and leadership on organizational strategy like Great Man theories, Trait theories, Behaviorist theory, Situational leadership, Contingency theory, Transactional Theory, transformational theory, etc. Different organizations are influenced by different theories of management and leadership. John Adair’s Action Centred Leadership (Greatman Theory) Source: www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management Development Task Leadership actions to achieve the Task include: * Defining the task and keeping it clear * Clarifying fit of the task to the more global vision and mission * Identifying resources and developing options * Establishing priorities, time frames, and specific plans of action * Establishing systems for communication * Implementing plans and responding positively to change * Assessing progress and considering contingencies on an ongoing basis Team Leadership actions to Build and Maintain the Team include: * Involving team members to generate alignment * Soliciting ideas and building on them * Establishing roles * Optimizing the exchange of information * Monitoring the team’s process and dynamics * Resolving conflict * Recognizing team successes Individual Leadership actions to Empower Individuals include: * Encouraging varying viewpoints * Harvesting ideas * Allocating responsibilities to capitalize on individual strengths and develop individuals * Listening * Facilitating and giving feedback * Delegating when it can be effective * Counseling and encouraging individuals (www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management Development) Three – Dimensions Theory There are three dimensions to effective leadership, each of which is within the control of the individual leader, and each of which can be developed through appropriate support and guidance. Effective leadership is about developing your ability in each of the three dimensions and then choosing to apply your skills and abilities in a balanced, three-dimensional way. Source: (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI â€Å"Three-Dimensional Leadership – the balanced approach†) Each dimension is of equal importance, which means that leaders who have development needs in one or more of the dimensions, will display behaviours that indicate an opportunity for improvement. Simply developing an already strong dimension will not work; a strength overplayed can become a weakness. Values The first dimension of leadership is that of values. These are the internal thoughts that influence the way a leader views the world around them. Some values are deeply embedded in our moral framework. For example, they guide us in the difference between right and wrong, good or bad. Developed as we progress through childhood, are increasingly challenging to change or modify, as we grow older. Effectiveness In order to lead people effectively, the individual leader must first be able to self-manage. This means that they must be ‘personally effective’ in performing key tasks. Time management (or rather, effective use of time), is a prime example. Leaders who fail to identify and manage their own priorities are unlikely to help team members do any better. Worse still, they may feel threatened by a team member who is more accomplished in this basic management skill than they are. Influence It is important to note that truly influential leaders are not necessarily those who are seeking the popular vote. Leaders who use their personal charisma, or popularity, to motivate and influence, whilst neglecting to develop their values or effectiveness dimensions, need to beware of the following, ‘How the mighty fall when the popular vote disappears!’ Charm may work for a while, but real credibility and respect are based upon the ability to deliver results in all areas. (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI â€Å"Three-Dimensional Leadership – the balanced approach†) Transformational Theory Transformational leadership theory is all about leadership that creates positive change in the followers whereby they take care of each other’s interests and act in the interests of the group as a whole. James MacGregor Burns first brought the concept of transformational leadership to prominence in his extensive research into leadership. The four components of the transformational leadership style are: (1) Charisma or idealized influence – the degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways and displays convictions and takes stands that cause followers to identify with the leader who has a clear set of values and acts as a role model for the followers. (2) Inspirational motivation – the degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appeals to and inspires the followers with optimism about future goals, and offers meaning for the current tasks in hand. (3) Intellectual stimulation – the degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, stimulates and encourages creativity in the followers – by providing a framework for followers to see how they connect to the leader, the organization, each other, and the goal] they can creatively overcome any obstacles in the way of the mission. (4) Personal and individual attention – the degree to which the leader attends to each individual follower’s needs and acts as a mentor or coach and gives respect to and appreciation of the individual’s contribution to the team. This fulfills and enhances each individual team members’ need for self-fulfillment, and self-worth – and in so doing inspires followers to further achievement and growth. (www.ezinearticles.com, Stephen Warrilow â€Å"Transformational Leadership Theory – The 4 Key Components in Leading Change & Managing Change†) Source: Model of Transformational Leadership, www.managementstudyguide.com For the selected organization â€Å"KKK† transformational leadership theory, 2.2Creating a leadership strategy that supports organizational direction Transformational theory has much in common. The theory focuses on attempting to explain how leaders can accomplish extraordinary things against the odds, such as turning around a falling company, founding a successful company. The theories also emphasize the importance of leader’s inspiring subordinates’ admiration, dedication, and unquestioned loyalty through articulating a clear and compelling vision. Utilizing the theory can be the positive impact on our organization needs restructuring and reengineering in leadership and management. Transforming to corporate culture must be implemented. If possible mergers, acquisition, joint ventures have to be established. The above three theories, John Adair’s theory, 3D theory and transformational leadership must be adequately mixed and applied in our organization. Through employees, utilizing appropriate leadership style in different sections, individuals engages with each other and is able to create a connection that result in increased motivation and morality in both followers and leaders. Leaders can also initiate, develop, and implement important changes in a confidence, extroversion, and understand the value of the organization. Our changing strategy is to meet the requirement of the time of AFTA (2015) and can get competitive advantage in food manufacturing industry via traditional food. ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) AFTA is a free trade zone in Southeast Asia where member countries include Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Brunei. The AFTA agreement supports the effort to relax trade barriers amongst member countries in order to achieve direct trade benefits. The purpose of a SWOT analysis of the manufacturing industry is to identify the key factors that affect the success of the industry. The four factors considered a part of a SWOT analysis are: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis estimates the risks for a particular industry. 1. Strengths * The strengths of the manufacturing industry are that it is relatively stable. Although the demand for manufacturing tends to fluctuate with the ups and downs of the economy, it is characterized by regular periods of recovery following any downturns. Moreover, manufacturing has become highly efficient over the last century, with the ability to maximize both the productivity of the workers and machines to maximize profits. Weaknesses * A weakness of the manufacturing industry is that much of it is built on the production of non-essential goods. This means that a severe downturn in the economy can have a crippling effect on it. Another weakness is that it is a mature industry. This means that there is heavy competition and little room for growth. As a result, the manufacturing industry can be a cash cow for those who are already in it but may be unattractive to new entrants. * Sponsored Links * Software Metrics Measure your IT for a competitive advantage. Learn more. davidconsultinggroup.com/Metrics Opportunities * Opportunities in the manufacturing industry are in the technology and bio-technology areas. These are growing market segments with higher profit margins. Additionally, they are knowledge-dependent market segments that require highly specialized workers, which makes it difficult for low wage countries to compete in this market segment, thereby providing an edge to more industrialized countries. Foreign markets with a growing middle class are providing opportunities for technology and bio-technology manufacturers to increase their profitability through exports. Threats * The largest threats to the manufacturing industry in developed nations are from low wage countries. The low wages of these countries have made it impossible for many businesses in developed nations to compete, requiring them to either close or move overseas to find cheap labor. Increasingly, India is an even bigger threat to the manufacturing industry, with its ability to supply highly educated workers at low wages to fill roles in the high-tech manufacturing market segment. Read more: SWOT Analysis of Manufacturing Industry | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6767951_swot-analysis-manufacturing-industry.html#ixzz2HdkmsvMX 1. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats STRENGTHS †¢ Some expenditure on food is essential for everyone and is considered an established part of the household budget. †¢ Many food products are deemed necessities and are unlikely to be harshly affected by any economic downturn. It is discretionary spending that is usually badly hit in a recession, which is, therefore, more likely to harm sales of ‘luxury’ foods. †¢ The UK has a well-established supply structure, in terms of both its production base — for meat, dairy products, fresh and processed vegetables, bakery products and fish, in particular — and its network of retail outlets — mainly in the form of major multiples. †¢ Following a period of extensive rationalisation and restructuring, the UK food industry can now benefit from more focused businesses and generally more efficient supply chains. †¢ The food-processing sector has also benefited from consolidation, which has created more vertically integrated companies and more economies of scale. †¢ Consumer demands for convenience have served to increase the opportunities for foodretailing, which are no longer confined to the traditional food outlets or to daylight hours. As well as minimising missed opportunities, it also enables the industry to capitalise on impulse purchasing. †¢ In such a mature industry, the competitive pressure on suppliers ensures a high degree of product innovation. WEAKNESSES †¢ Few brands enjoy high levels of consumer loyalty and in certain sectors, such as cereals, bread and yoghurt, it is particularly limited. As a result, product switching and the growth of own labels are harming sales of some brands. †¢ The buying power of the large supermarket chains, and their demand for lower-priced supplies, has put further pressures on food-industry margins —especially on producers operating in commodity sectors, such as milk. (It is possible that future EU legislation will prevent the sale of goods below cost price and will set a†¦ 2.

Qui estce essays

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